ArticleJPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition2026
Association between blenderized tube feeds and differential oropharynx, stomach, and stool microbiome signatures relative to conventional formula feeds in children fed via enteral tube: A cross-sectional study.
Article in JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association between blenderized tube feeds and differential oropharynx, stomach, and stool microbiome signatures relative to conventional formula feeds in children fed via enteral tube: A cross-sectional study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlenderized gastrostomy tube feeds are associated with reduced gastrointestinal symptoms. We hypothesize that patients receiving blenderized tube feeds, compared with standard formula, will have less gastric-oropharyngeal microbial overlap, a possible biomarker of less gastroesophageal refluxate, and differences in beta diversity in the oropharynx, stomach, and stool.
methodsChildren requiring enteral tube feeds for >3 months were prospectively recruited to provide saliva via posterior tongue swabs, gastric aspirates, and stool samples. Exclusion criteria were history of cystic fibrosis or solid organ transplant or antibiotic treatment course within 4 weeks. The primary exposure was diet category (formula vs. blenderized feeds). The primary outcome was Jaccard similarity between the gastric and oral microbiomes. Relationships of diet to Jaccard and relative bacterial abundance were analyzed by multivariate linear regression models adjusting for age, sex and proton pump inhibitor use.
resultsSixty (60.6%) children received blenderized tube feeds and 39 (39.4%) received formula. Beta diversity in the oral and rectal samples differed significantly between patients on blenderized versus formula feeds. Importantly, gastric and tongue microbiomes had significantly less overlap (by Jaccard distance) in patients receiving blenderized feeds, adjusting for covariates. Several key oral, gastric and stool commensal organisms were present in higher relative abundance in the blenderized versus formula group.
conclusionOropharyngeal microbiomes are more distinct from the gastric microbiomes in patients receiving blenderized feeds, and the oropharyngeal and stool microbiomes demonstrated differential bacterial abundance compared with formula. Overall, these findings suggest a highly favorable microbial profile with blenderized feeds.
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