Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42116155›Full record

ArticleHuman resources for health2026

Transforming healthcare: evaluating a decade of postgraduate training at the Liberia College of Physicians and Surgeons.

Juul Marlies Bakker, Douglas Weru Nyaguthii, Benetta Collins Andrews, Philderald Pratt, John Mulbah, Alex J van Duinen, Hakon Angell Bolkan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human resources for health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Juul Marlies BakkerInstitute of Nursing and Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Postboks 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. juul.m.bakker@ntnu.no.
Douglas Weru NyaguthiiInstitute of Nursing and Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Postboks 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Benetta Collins AndrewsLiberia College of Physicians and Surgeons (LCPS), Monrovia, Liberia.
Philderald PrattLiberia College of Physicians and Surgeons (LCPS), Monrovia, Liberia.
John MulbahLiberia College of Physicians and Surgeons (LCPS), Monrovia, Liberia.
Alex J van DuinenInstitute of Nursing and Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Postboks 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Hakon Angell BolkanInstitute of Nursing and Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Postboks 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.

Funding

Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet PhD Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPostgraduate training in Liberia was commenced in 2013 under the Liberia College of Physicians and Surgeons (LCPS). Since its inception, 125 medical doctors have specialized in seven disciplines: internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, ophthalmology and psychiatry. This study evaluates the outcomes of a decade of postgraduate training in Liberia.

methodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to all graduates, collecting data on demographics, work history, motivation, self-assessed competencies, and training experiences, including examinations, research and feedback. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate response frequency distributions for quantitative outcomes, and thematic analysis was used for open answer responses.

resultsNinety graduates (72.0%) responded to the questionnaire. All respondents worked in Liberia, with 56.3% in Montserrado County. Most (94.4%) were primarily employed in the public sector, whereas 21.1% held additional roles in the private sector or academia. After 3 years of membership-level postgraduate training to become a specialist, 30.0% pursued additional education, including 18.9% fellowship training. Overall, graduates expressed strong confidence in competencies gained during the postgraduate training, particularly medical knowledge, professionalism and teaching, with over 95% of graduates considering themselves competent in these areas. In contrast, only 44.3% felt competent in research. Nearly all graduates reported that the training supported their career growth and would recommend it to colleagues. Suggestions for improvements included increasing faculty numbers and diversity, enhancing training resources, and expanding research opportunities.

conclusionsThe LCPS has contributed substantially to developing a competent specialist health workforce in Liberia. Graduates had a high retention rate and were primarily employed in clinical roles in the public sector. Challenges remain, such as too few specialists and limited healthcare coverage in rural areas. To train well-equipped specialists, it is crucial to strengthen faculty, institutional capacity and training resources, and to build research capacity. Sustained investment and continued collaborations between the government and partners are needed to implement strategies to maintain retention and improve equitable distribution of specialists and to support their career growth. These efforts will ensure the program's impact to meet Liberia's evolving healthcare demands effectively.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health CareEducation, Medical, GraduatePhysiciansSpecializationSurgeonsAcademiaAdultClinical CompetenceFellowships and ScholarshipsFemaleHumansLiberiaMalePrivate SectorPublic SectorSurveys and QuestionnairesEvaluationHealth workforceHuman resourcesLiberiaMedical educationPostgraduate trainingSpecializationWest Africa

Identifiers

PMID42116155
PMCPMC13330417

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.