ArticleBMC ophthalmology2026
Correlation between retinal defocus distribution and axial growth in myopic children wearing orthokeratology lenses.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThe purpose was to investigate the refractive status of different retinal regions in myopic children treated by orthokeratology (ortho-k) and its relationship with axial elongation.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Axial length measurements were retrospectively collected from 221 myopic children aged 9-15 years who underwent ortho-k lens wear for over 1 year. The relative peripheral refractive errors (RPREs) of different retinal zones were measured using multispectral refraction topography, and the distribution characteristics were analyzed. All subjects were divided into the fast progression (axial growth > 0.15 mm/y) and slow progression (axial growth ≤ 0.15 mm/y) groups. The linear and logistic regression were performed to evaluate the correlation between axial growth and retinal defocus. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the diagnostic efficiency of regional retinal defocus in the two groups.
resultsAfter ortho-k lens wear, the myopic defocus was located in the circular regions of 0-15˚ and 15-30˚ of the retina and the superior-inferior quadrants. While hyperopic defocus predominated in other zones, the superior-inferior and nasal-temporal quadrants showed an asymmetric defocus distribution in the slow progression group (P < 0.001). The multivariate linear regression demonstrated that the annual axial growth was positively correlated with the superior retinal RPRE (standardized beta = 0.313, P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with age (standardized beta=-0.181, P = 0.005). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the smaller superior RPRE (odds ratio [OR] = 2.731; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.298-5.747; P = 0.008) and older age (OR = 0.856; 95%CI, 0.740-0.990; P = 0.036) were protective factors against rapid axial growth. The superior REPE exhibited an area under the ROC curve of 0.619, indicating its limited efficiency in predicting axial growth.
conclusionAfter ortho-k lens wear, myopic defocus and hyperopic defocus were located in different zones of the retina. The smaller superior retinal RPRE and older age are protective factors but poor standalone predictors for axial growth.
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