ArticleBMC medical imaging2026
Styloid process morphology in extracranial internal carotid artery dissection: a CTA case-control study.
Article in BMC medical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the association between styloid process (SP) morphology derived from CTA and extracranial internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD). MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective case-control study included 85 patients with unilateral extracranial ICAD and 85 frequency-matched controls who underwent head and neck CTA. Two neuroradiologists independently measured SP length, the distance from the SP tip to the internal carotid artery (SPT-ICA distance), and SP orientation (medial and anterior inclination angles). Group comparisons were performed between the dissection side in the ICAD group and the corresponding matched side in controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent morphologic factors associated with ICAD, and ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each individual parameter and of the combined model.
resultsCompared with controls, ICAD showed a longer SP, a shorter SPT-ICA distance, and a smaller anterior inclination angle (all p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression identified SP length, SPT-ICA distance, and anterior inclination angle as independent factors associated with ICAD. ROC analysis showed that the combined model achieved the best performance (AUC = 0.836), compared with SP length (AUC = 0.752), SPT-ICA distance (AUC = 0.742), and anterior inclination angle (AUC = 0.717).
conclusionThe combined model based on SP length, SPT-ICA distance, and anterior inclination angle showed the best performance, suggesting that these CTA-derived SP morphologic features may help identify an anatomic pattern associated with extracranial ICAD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.