Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42115902›Full record

ReviewNeurological research and practice2026

Prevention of neuroinfectious-diseases: high impact of vaccination programs - but the potential is not maxed out yet.

Matthias Klein, Maximilian Schöls, Hayrettin Tumani, Uta Meyding-Lamade, Julia Decker, Matthias Maschke, Judith Wagner

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neurological research and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Matthias KleinDepartment of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany. matthias.klein@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Maximilian SchölsDepartment of Neurology, Charite, Berlin, Germany.
Hayrettin TumaniDepartment of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Uta Meyding-LamadeDepartment of Neurology, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany.
Julia DeckerDepartment of Neurology, Immanuel Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Rüdersdorf der MHB (Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg), Rüdersdorf, Germany.
Matthias MaschkeDepartment of Neurology, Brüderkrankenhaus, Trier, Germany.
Judith WagnerDepartment of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Evangelisches Klinikum, Gelsenkirchen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe greatest impact on the burden of CNS infections resulted from preventive measures, mainly vaccination programs, that have decreased the incidence of many CNS infections significantly. Here, we highlight the main cornerstones of vaccination programs on bacterial and viral CNS infections and point at future chances of upcoming vaccines. MAIN BODY: Vaccination programs have significantly decreased the number of cases due to Haemophilus influenzae type B and Neisseria meningitidis. For pneumococcal meningitis, new vaccines that prevent neuroinvasive serotypes have the potential to decrease numbers in the future. Whereas a vaccine is available for tick-borne encephalitis, prevention of neuroborreliosis is limited to contact precautions. However, vaccination rates against tick-borne encephalitis remain too low in many countries. Another neurotropic virus that can be prevented effectively by vaccination is varicella zoster virus (VZV). Interestingly, vaccination against VZV also seems to reduce the risk of dementia as recently shown. While vaccination is important in general, patients with immunosuppression benefit most from vaccinations. Finally, recent measles outbreaks impressively underline the efficacy of vaccination programs and demonstrate what can happens if vaccination rates decrease.

conclusionVaccination programs have shown to be effective in reducing the burden of CNS infections. As vaccination rates are generally still too low and as new vaccines are coming up, it is obvious that the potential of vaccines to prevent CNS infections is not maxed out yet.

Indexed as

Bacterial meningitisCNS infectionMeaslesNeuroborreliosisTick-borne encephalitisVaccinationVaricella zoster virus

Identifiers

PMID42115902
PMCPMC13162437

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.