Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42115449›Full record

ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2026

Community Safety Needs and Resources and Their Alignment: A Case Study.

Rose Kagawa, Alex Kwong, Colette Smirniotis, Karina Patwardhan, Emily Chan, Jeremy Prim, Paul Gruenewald, Garen Wintemute

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rose KagawaCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine/VPRP, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA. rkagawa@health.ucdavis.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1402-1721
Alex KwongCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine/VPRP, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
Colette SmirniotisCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine/VPRP, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
Karina PatwardhanCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine/VPRP, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
Emily ChanCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine/VPRP, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
Jeremy PrimCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine/VPRP, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
Paul GruenewaldPrevention Research Center, 2030 Addison Street, Suite 410, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA.
Garen WintemuteCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine/VPRP, University of California, Davis, 4150 V Street, Suite 2100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.

Funding

NCIPC CDC HHS K01CE003224
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Our study objective was to describe the match between community safety needs and resources in Cleveland, Ohio from 2015-2019. We conducted an extensive review of online sources, agency websites, and implementation documents to identify violence prevention and community safety activities. We coded each census tract based on the presence or absence of each specific activity type and explored cross-sectional associations with crime frequency and type, including violent, property, and firearm crime, using Besag-York-Mollie (BYM) spatial autoregressive models. We identified 1,147 activities taking place in 1,625 locations. Efforts to improve the physical environment and after-school and out-of-school programs were the most common activity types. The total number of activities per population was positively associated with crime frequency (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.14; 95% Credible Interval (CI) = 1.102, 1.176), the property crime rate (RR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.123, 1.226), the violent crime rate (RR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.449, 1.806), and the rate of firearm-involved violent crime (RR = 4.79; 95% CI = 2.965, 7.745). There is a strong foundation for coordinated violence prevention in Cleveland, Ohio, targeted on average, though imperfectly, to the areas with more violence.

Indexed as

CrimeSafetyViolenceCross-Sectional StudiesHumansOhioResidence CharacteristicsCommunity safety ecosystemCrime preventionFirearm violence

Identifiers

PMID42115449
PMCPMC13315026

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.