Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42115177›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Differentiable library-based inverse design of achromatic metalens for full-color near-eye displays.

Youngsun Jeon, Cherry Park, Shiqi Hu, Junhwa Seong, Seokwoo Kim, Jaekyung Kim, Sangwon Lee, Jihwan An, Junsuk Rho

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Youngsun Jeon *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Cherry Park *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Shiqi Hu *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Junhwa SeongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-9507
Seokwoo KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-148X
Jaekyung KimDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Sangwon LeeGraduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
Jihwan AnDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-9935
Junsuk RhoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea. jsrho@postech.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2890

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Achromatic metalenses capable of full-color imaging are essential for compact near-eye displays, yet their practical realization remains challenging by trade-offs among wavelength multiplexing, focusing efficiency, fabrication complexity, and scalability. We address these challenges with a fabrication-constrained inverse design framework that uses a discrete 3D meta-atom library. Each radial pixel selects a manufacturable cylinder from the library using a Gumbel-Softmax estimator, enabling gradient updates. We optimize focusing efficiency, maximizing it while maintaining uniform efficiency across RGB wavelengths. Leveraging two-photon lithography to independently control pillar height and diameter, the designed 3D RGB achromatic metalens achieves ~33% focusing efficiency at the design wavelengths using low-index structures. To improve scalability, a conformal SiO

Identifiers

PMID42115177
PMCPMC13376214

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.