ArticleCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2026
Risk of congenital anomalies among infants of patients with endometriosis: a population-based cohort study.
Article in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Increased risk of congenital anomalies after fertility treatment is partially mediated by multiple birth: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Incidence and factors associated with premature ovarian insufficiency: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Infertility and Risk of Congenital Anomalies: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Often delayed and fractured, endometriosis care needs an overhaul.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Article
- Hyperestrogenic imprinting and developmental origins of endometriosis and adenomyosis.Human reproduction open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMaternal chronic conditions are implicated as risk factors for congenital anomalies, but few studies have assessed reproductive conditions such as endometriosis. Given the association between endometriosis and infertility requiring fertility treatments, we sought to estimate risks of congenital anomalies in infants of patients with endometriosis and mediation by subfertility and fertility treatments.
methodsWe conducted a population-based study of births in Ontario (Apr. 7, 2006, to Mar. 31, 2021) to identify infants born at 20 weeks' gestation or later to patients aged 15 to 50 years. We analyzed associations of endometriosis in the patient before conception with congenital anomalies in their infant. We determined the proportion of these associations mediated by subfertility, ovulation induction or intrauterine insemination, and in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
resultsAmong 1 460 564 eligible births, 33 619 (2.3%) patients had endometriosis. Congenital anomalies occurred in 2120 (6.3%) infants of patients with endometriosis and 77 094 (5.4%) infants of patients without endometriosis. Endometriosis in the patient was independently associated with a higher risk of any congenital anomaly (adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.21). Specific anomalies with the highest associated risks included unspecified cleft palate (adjusted RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.25), hypospadias (adjusted RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.09), and pulmonary artery stenosis (adjusted RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.94). Endometriosis was an independent risk factor for any congenital anomaly, with only 11.0% of the associated risk mediated by in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic injection; subfertility, ovulation induction, and intrauterine insemination did not mediate the association between endometriosis and anomalies.
interpretationEndometriosis in the patient is associated with small but significantly increased risks of congenital anomalies among offspring, partially mediated by fertility treatment. The potential mechanisms remain to be identified.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.