ArticlePlant reproduction2026
Characterization of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 homologs from Macroptilium (Benth.) Urb.
Article in Plant reproduction, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In subtropical rangelands of America, the grasses dominate the landscape, but native leguminous plants could be source of nutritional quality as well as benefit suppliers of environment adaptations. Species of Macroptilium have been included in forage improvement programs and characterization of genes involved in plant architecture could contribute to its improvement. TFL1 is responsible for repressing the onset of flowering, sustaining the indeterminate growth and conditioning the complete plant structure. In this study, we report the cloning of candidate genes for TFL1 functional homology from Macroptilium lathyroides (MlTFL1) and M. erythroloma (MeTFL1) and their sequences and phylogenetic analyses. The genes structure was conserved, the deduced amino acid sequences showed also conservation of key residues and structures for function, and the phylogenetic reconstructions resolved them as a sister clade of Phaseolus spp. and near to Vigna spp. sequences. We also described the functional characterization of MlTFL1 through assays of Arabidopsis tfl1 mutant complementation with severe tfl1-1/tfl1-1 or mild tfl1-11/tfl1-11 genotypes. In both mutant backgrounds, the expression of MlTFL1 rescued the determinate growth, the early flowering time, the reduction in number of rosette leaves and the increase of rosette branches of mutants. Besides, MlTFL1 accomplished intermediate compensation of the height reduction. By PCA analyses of traits, longer vegetative phase and more rosette leaves associated to less rosette branches. Moreover, more height and more cauline branches had less weight in their associations with the other three variables. We consider that MlTFL1 of Macroptilium lathyroides behave as a TFL1 functional homolog and its characterization could contribute to increase the knowledge of this species looking to the improvement of this native forage leguminous plant.
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