Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42112846›Full record

ArticleJournal of microbiology & biology education2026

Using artificial intelligence as a mindtool to foster critical thinking in biology education.

Mary V Mawn, Jacqueline M Washington

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of microbiology & biology education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Mary V MawnDepartment of Natural Sciences, Empire State University, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA.
Jacqueline M WashingtonDepartment of Natural Sciences, Empire State University, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4287-8615

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence tools are increasingly accessible and have the potential to offer learners innovative ways to promote deep learning and engagement with academic content. These tools can be used to support diverse learners, improve academic success, and prepare students for future careers and life challenges. Used as a mindtool, which is a type of problem-solving and reasoning companion, artificial intelligence technologies can facilitate knowledge construction and deepen students' conceptual understanding of biological processes in biology education. Specifically, it shifts students from passive information retrieval to active learning, encouraging them to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize academic material. These core higher-order thinking skills require human reasoning and are not replaceable by technology. While educators are increasingly embracing the use of artificial intelligence in their classrooms, there is limited guidance on how it can be used to foster critical thinking in biology education, an essential skill for objective analysis, independent reasoning, and creative problem-solving. This paper presents several strategies for how artificial intelligence tools may be used to promote higher-order critical thinking skills in the biology classroom using what-if modeling, concept mapping, and error analysis to guide biology educators as they incorporate these tools into their curricula.

Indexed as

artificial intelligence (AI)biology educationChatGPTcritical thinkinggenerative AIhigher-order thinking skillslarge language models (LLMs)mindtool

Identifiers

PMID42112846
PMCPMC13520690

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.