SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Efficacy and safety of BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy in extramedullary relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) with extramedullary disease (EMD). Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to December 2024 reporting CAR T-cell therapy in RRMM patients with EMD. Studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and the methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the MINORS tool; one low-quality study was excluded. A total of 42 studies were included, comprising 242 RRMM patients with EMD and 1,485 without EMD. Fixed- or random-effects models were applied to pool effect sizes. Primary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), complete response (CR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Results: The pooled ORR and CR rates were 79% (95%CI: 71%-86%) and 42% (95%CI: 32%-51%) in the EMD group, and 90% (95%CI: 86%-93%) and 49% (95%CI: 40%-58%) in the non-EMD group, respectively. Reported median PFS ranged from 3 to 18.8 months in the EMD grouPand from 1 to 38 months in the non-EMD group, while median OS ranged from 6 to 13.9 months and from 12.2 to 38 months, respectively. The pooled incidences of grade ≥3 CRS and ICANS were 18% (95%CI: 8%-27%) and 5% (95%CI: 3%-7%) in the EMD group, compared with 13% (95%CI: 7%-19%) and 6% (95%CI: 2%-9%) in the non-EMD group; none of the differences were statistically significant (P> 0.05). Due to inconsistent reporting and lack of individual patient-level data, hazard ratios and pooled time-to-event analyses were not feasible. Conclusion: Although RRMM patients with EMD exhibited lower ORR and CR rates than those without EMD, BCMA-directed CAR T therapy demonstrated notable clinical activity with a manageable safety profile. However, no direct comparisons with conventional therapies were performed in this analysis. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42025613422, identifier CRD42025613422.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.