SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Effects of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides on rheumatoid arthritis through gut microbiota modulation: a systematic review in animal models.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides (TCMPs) are promising therapeutic candidates for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), known for their efficacy and low toxicity. Acting as potent gut microbiota modulators, TCMPs may alleviate RA by reshaping microbial communities and their metabolic outputs. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to April 7, 2025, for relevant animal studies. Results: From an initial pool of 282 records, nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed, involving polysaccharides from six single herbs and one compound formula. The results demonstrated that TCMPs significantly alleviated RA symptoms, including paw swelling and arthritis scores, and improved bone quality metrics. Regarding gut microbiota modulation, TCMPs induced changes in nine phyla (e.g., Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota, Firmicutes) and 65 genera. At the genus level, 37 taxa (including Conclusion: This review demonstrates that TCMPs alleviate RA in animal models by modulating gut microbiota to enrich beneficial bacteria, suppress pathogens, enhance intestinal barrier function, and regulate immune homeostasis via the gut-joint axis, with SCFAs playing a pivotal role. Given the low methodological quality and high heterogeneity of included studies, future research should prioritize rigorous design, multi-omics integration, and clinical translation. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251053482.
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