ArticleVeterinary medicine international2026
Packaging, Labeling, and Physical Characteristics and Sales Volume Assessment of Veterinary Antimicrobials in a Resource-Limited Setting: Evidence From Hawassa Town, Ethiopia.
Article in Veterinary medicine international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Packaging, Labeling, and Physical Characteristics and Sales Volume Assessment of Veterinary Antimicrobials in a Resource-Limited Setting: Evidence From Hawassa Town, Ethiopia.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Antibiotics and anthelmintics are widely used in veterinary medicine to prevent, control, and treat infectious diseases. However, in resource-limited settings, the widespread circulation of poor-quality medicines and their inappropriate use have become major obstacles to delivering effective animal healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of veterinary antibiotics and anthelmintics available across different levels of the supply chain. Additionally, it sought to estimate the sales volume and quantify the consumption of veterinary antimicrobials based on the population correction unit (PCU) in the pharmaceutical market of Hawassa Town. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Hawassa city. A total of 44 samples encompassing antibiotics ( Results: Out of 44 veterinary antimicrobials, 50% (11/22) of the samples did not comply with standard requirements, while all anthelmintic samples ( Conclusion: The study reveals significant quality concerns with veterinary antibiotics in Hawassa city, where 50% failed the WHO visual inspection, while anthelmintics fully complied. The high daily consumption of tetracycline and albendazole indicates a narrow reliance on a few drugs, raising concerns over antimicrobial resistance. The dependence on imports, mainly from China and India, indicates the need for stronger regulatory oversight and improved local capacity to ensure the safety and effectiveness of veterinary medicines.
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