Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42111889›Full record

ArticleBiochemistry research international2026

Neurochemical and Genetic Alterations in Chronic Stimulant (Crystal and Captagon) Users: A Comparative Analysis of Monoamine Biomarkers and Addiction-Related Gene Expression.

Yasameen Hameed Jasim, Basma A Al-Mashhdani, Mustafa Abd-Almajeed Abd-Alkareem, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah Bukhari, Rasha Hameed Jasim, Sonia Tabasum, Lala Hasanli, Rajwali Khan

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biochemistry research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yasameen Hameed JasimDepartment of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Samarra University, Samarra, 34010, Iraq.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5135-6724
Basma A Al-MashhdaniDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq, aliraqia.edu.iq.
Mustafa Abd-Almajeed Abd-AlkareemDepartment of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Sciences, Samarra University, Samarra, 34010, Iraq.
Ashfaq Ahmad Shah BukhariDepartment of Physiology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6208-0814
Rasha Hameed JasimDepartment of Pathological Analysis, College of Applied Sciences, Samarra University, Samarra, 34010, Iraq.
Sonia TabasumDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan, uaf.edu.pk.
Lala HasanliDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nakhchivan State University, Nakhchivan, AZ7012, Azerbaijan, ndu.edu.az.
Rajwali KhanNational Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE, uaeu.ac.ae.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-1520

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This investigation examined the long-term impact of stimulant use, assessing systematic dysfunction of the nervous system and how these changes were reflected in the gene expression of two addiction-related genes, SLC6A3 (dopamine transporter) and CARTPT (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript). Study subjects included 100 men over the age of 18 who have used stimulants (crystal and Captagon) as well as a group of 30 men of the same age who were healthy. Blood samples were taken from each subject, and plasma levels of dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and total protein were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene expression was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Relative expression of SLC6A3 and CARTPT was calculated using the 2

Indexed as

CARTPTdopaminegene expressionneurotransmittersSLC6A3stimulant use disorder

Identifiers

PMID42111889
PMCPMC13156515

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.