Health taxation and need to pay health related taxes in Iran: A scoping review.

Hossein Dargahi, Mahdi Kooshkebaghi, Nasrin Abolhasanbeigi Gallehzan

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Health promotion perspectives, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hossein DargahiDepartment of Health Management, Policy, and Economics, School of Public Health, Health Information Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-3786

Mahdi KooshkebaghiDepartment of Health Management, Policy, and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Nasrin Abolhasanbeigi GallehzanHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Health care taxation is one of the government's income sources. In Iran, despite the high consumption of harmful products, there are limitations in healthcare taxation, which may be due to the high wall of distrust between the government and taxpayers. In this study, we aimed to identify and analyze the reasons for paying health care taxes in developed countries in comparison with Iran. Methods: In this scoping review, the data were collected among the evidence published from 2000 to 2022 in English and Persian. A search strategy was conducted to find all the evidence and resources published using the selected keywords across several databases. Finally, 129 articles were confirmed to be included in the review. Results: Taxes on harmful goods, including sin taxes value, added taxes, and green taxes were among the most important and sustainable resources to improve the health care system in each country. In Iran, despite the approval of various taxes on harmful goods and polluting industries for public health reasons, these policies have not yet been implemented. Conclusion: For Iran, we recommend strictly implementing the tax policies, with allocations tailored to local conditions, to reduce the financial burden on the Iranian healthcare system.

Indexed as

Health care systemIranScoping reviewTaxation

Identifiers

PMID42111778

DOI10.34172/hpp.025.44434

PMCPMC13156257

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.