Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42111759›Full record

ReviewMaterials today. Bio2026

Engineered artificial antigen-presenting cells for tumor immunotherapy: Design strategies, clinical applications, and translational challenges.

Haojie Cai, Yaqian Zhao, Yifei Cai, Xiaomei Luo, Jianxiao Li, Yongsong Wu, Jiani Yang, Chao Wang, Yue Zhang, Hui Ding and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Materials today. Bio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Haojie CaiDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Yaqian ZhaoDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Yifei CaiDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Xiaomei LuoDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Jianxiao LiDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Yongsong WuDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Jiani YangDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Chao WangDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Yue ZhangDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Hui DingDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Shanshan ChengDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Yu WangDepartment of Gynecology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immunotherapy has long played a pivotal role in cancer treatment, and antigen-presenting cell (APC)-based immunotherapy represents a promising strategy, though its full potential remains to be realized. This therapy stimulates T cell activation and proliferation through APCs, producing therapeutic effects. However, the use of natural APCs in immunotherapy faces several limitations, including inefficient T cell expansion, suboptimal targeting, and high treatment costs. Under such circumstances, artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) have garnered increasing interest. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in aAPCs research, systematically classifies aAPCs and critically evaluates their advantages and limitations. The underlying mechanisms of aAPCs, including activation and proliferation of T cells, strategies to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), targeted antigen delivery and combination therapy, are discussed in detail. Their clinical applications are also debated. Existing challenges, including the absence of standardized protocols and regulatory frameworks, are highlighted. Furthermore, future directions in aAPCs technology are explored, including but not limited to the development of multifunctional aAPCs and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to assist in the design and optimization. Finally, to overcome these limitations, this review advocates for strengthened multidisciplinary collaboration and the adoption of emerging technologies.

Indexed as

Artificial antigen-presenting cellsCancerImmunotherapyT cells

Identifiers

PMID42111759
PMCPMC13156766

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.