Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42111634›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in health services2026

SDG 3 measurement in integrated health system reform: a growing gap as 2030 approaches.

Nurah Alamro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in health services, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Nurah AlamroDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Integrated health system reforms are implemented across financing, service delivery, digital health, and governance, while SDG 3 monitoring relies on indicator-based frameworks designed for discrete interventions. This creates a misalignment between how reforms are implemented and how progress is assessed, particularly where outcomes emerge from interactions across system components. Using Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 reform as an illustrative case, this analysis identifies three constraints: indicator-based measurement, limited evaluability of concurrent reforms, and data and governance limitations. These constraints limit the ability of policymakers to assess system performance, determine reform effectiveness, and allocate resources. Addressing this gap requires a shift toward system-level evaluation that integrates indicators across domains, strengthens data linkage, and aligns national and global monitoring frameworks.

Indexed as

health policyhealth system performancehealth system reformintegrated health systemspolicy evaluationsustainable development goalssystem-level evaluation

Identifiers

PMID42111634
PMCPMC13149386

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.