SynthesisFrontiers in psychology2026
Effects of EEG neurofeedback and training interventions on golf putting performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Electroencephalography neurofeedback (EEG-NFT) is used to modulate brain function to enhance golf putting performance. However, the effectiveness of EEG-NFT and its relationship with non-EEG training interventions in improving putting performance remain unclear. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration (CRD420251068586), this study systematically searched multiple databases up to 8 June 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating EEG-NFT and other training interventions for golf putting were included. The meta-analyses employed random-effects models, with subgroup analyses conducted to examine moderators. Results: A total of 12 RCTs involving 424 participants were included. The overall analysis revealed a significant positive effect on putting performance (standardized mean difference, Conclusion: EEG-NFT can enhance putting performance, but success requires precise protocol selection aligned with skill level and neural targets. Cz-SMR enhancement appears to be reliable, whereas non-specific suppression may be detrimental. Future research should establish standardized protocols and conduct larger RCTs to validate these findings. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=1068586, identifier (CRD420251068586).
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