ArticleRSC advances2026
Shelf life and time-resolved thermal, chemical, and thermodynamic characterization of four hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents.
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) are increasingly recognized as green alternatives to traditional organic solvents in extraction, catalysis, and polymer processing; however, their long-term stability remains poorly understood. This study investigated the critical gap in systematically characterizing the effects of long-term storage on four thymol-and tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB)-based HDESs with decanoic (C10) and dodecanoic (C12) over 20 weeks of storage. Weekly comprehensive measurements and characterization techniques were used to monitor changes in both bulk properties and molecular structures. Thermal stability was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which consistently showed onset decomposition temperatures between 136 °C and 205 °C across all four solvents, with a variation of ±2.77 °C over the 20-week storage period. TOAB- based systems exhibited superior thermal stability, likely due to ionic hydrogen bond networks. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that molar excess Gibbs free energy values satisfied the non-ideality criterion , and activity coefficients remained well below unity throughout the study, confirming strong intermolecular interactions and eutectic integrity. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed consistent features with no signs of chemical degradation or moisture-induced structural changes. The C12-based systems undergo reversible room temperature crystallisation attributed to segregation of a fatty-acid-rich solid phase; this microphase separation modifies processability but not the underlying eutectic chemistry. Density (0.88-0.95 g cm
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