ArticleiScience2026
Multiplex serological profiling reveals diverse avian and mammalian influenza A virus exposure in swine.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
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Abstract
Animal-origin influenza viruses pose significant pandemic threats, with swine serving as key hosts. Serological surveillance in pigs remains limited in regions with intense human-animal-avian contact. Between March 2020 and July 2022, we collected 4,069 pig serum samples in Cambodia, of which 1,321 (32.5%) were influenza A virus (IAV) seropositive by ELISA. We developed a multiplex microsphere immunoassay comprising a broad panel of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Seroprevalence was highest for pandemic H1N1/pdm09 (35.3-45.7%) and lower for classical swine H1 (16.4-17.7%) and European avian-like swine H1 (∼15%) lineages. Lineage-specific or shared exposures to multiple lineages were observed, indicating complex infection histories. H3 responses varied by clade, while antibodies to avian H5, H7, and H9 were detected in <8% of IAV-positive sera. These findings underscore the ongoing zoonotic risk posed by diverse IAVs circulating in pigs and highlight the need for integrated serological and genomic surveillance.
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