ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2026
Research based on nucleotide polymorphism reveals the role of inflammatory cytokines in regulating the influence of blood metabolites on drug-related osteonecrosis.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Osteonecrosis is a debilitating disease caused by impaired blood supply leading to bone tissue death, and drug-related osteonecrosis is a significant clinical issue. The role of inflammation and metabolic disorders in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis has garnered widespread attention, but the exact causal relationships remain unclear. This study aims to explore the causal link between inflammatory cytokines and drug-related osteonecrosis, while also investigating how metabolites might mediate this relationship. Material and methods: We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal links between 91 inflammatory cytokines, 1,400 blood metabolites, and drug-related osteonecrosis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with inflammatory cytokines and metabolites were used as instrumental variables (IVs) to assess their potential relationship with drug-related osteonecrosis risk. We further conducted mediation MR analysis to explore the role of metabolites in mediating the impact of inflammatory cytokines on drug-related osteonecrosis. Results: MR analysis demonstrated notable causal relationships between four inflammatory cytokines and drug-related osteonecrosis. Specifically, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and C-X-C motif chemokine 6 (CXCL6) showed a negative correlation with the risk of drug-related osteonecrosis, while interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) exhibited a positive correlation with the risk. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that IL-4 affects the development of drug-related osteonecrosis via blood metabolites. Key metabolites identified as significant mediators included mannitol/sorbitol levels, the mannose-to-mannitol-to-sorbitol ratio, and the glucose-to-mannitol-to-sorbitol ratio. Conclusions: This study presents new evidence connecting inflammatory cytokines to drug-related osteonecrosis and highlights the mediating role of metabolites. These results help us understand the pathogenesis of the disease and provide new insights for its prevention and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.