ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
The women's side of home advantage: comparative analysis in the top seven handball leagues.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to: (1) analyse and compare home advantage (HA) and home winning percentage (HW) in the main top European women's handball leagues over the last four seasons; and (2) examine the impact of team level on these indicators to identify patterns of competitive performance. Methods: A total of 4,744 matches were analysed from the first divisions of France (Starligue), Germany (Bundesliga), Spain (Guerreras Iberdrola), Norway (REMA 1000), Hungary (NB I), Romania (Liga Natională) and Denmark (Kvindeligaen). Each team-season was classified by hierarchical cluster as High-Level Team (HLT), Medium-Level Team (MLT), or Low-Level Team (LLT). HA and HW were calculated and statistically compared between leagues and team levels. Results: It has been found that HA and HW were observed across all leagues, showing consistent presence but no significant inter-league differences, suggesting that the phenomenon is similarly manifested across European elite women's handball ( Conclusion: Overall, HA and HW were evident in all seven leagues, suggesting that home advantage is a common phenomenon in elite women's handball, while the competitive level of the opponent exerts a significant influence on performance across leagues.
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