ArticleCureus2026
Analysis of Cervical Cytology Reports From Pap Smears and Their Clinical Correlation Among Women Attending a Gynecology OPD in a Tertiary Care Center in Northeast India.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionCervical cancer remains a major global health concern among women, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality. Timely screening, particularly through cytological methods such as the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, plays a crucial role in the early detection of precancerous lesions and reduction of disease burden.
aimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of Pap smear cytology in detecting cervical cytological abnormalities and to identify factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions.
methodsThis study included sexually active women aged 18 years and above. Cervical samples were collected using an Ayre spatula, smeared on grease-free glass slides, and fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol for cytological evaluation.
resultsEpithelial cell abnormalities were most commonly observed in multiparous women aged 31-50 years. A substantial proportion of women were asymptomatic (188, 30.4%), while vaginal discharge was the most frequent complaint (182, 29.4%). Cytology revealed inflammatory smears in 364 (58.8%) cases, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in 26 (4.2%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 11 (1.8%), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in 6 (1%). Multivariate analysis showed that early age at first intercourse, contact bleeding, and cervical erosion were significantly associated with an increased risk of precancerous lesions, whereas higher educational status and a normal-appearing cervix were associated with a reduced risk. Other variables such as age, parity, socioeconomic status, oral contraceptive use, and duration of marriage showed no significant association.
conclusionsThe findings reinforce the importance of initiating cervical cancer screening from 25 to 30 years of age. Pap smear remains a simple, affordable, and non-invasive method for early detection of precancerous cervical lesions, particularly valuable in resource-limited settings like India.
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