ArticleCureus2026
Clinical Factors Associated With Physician Referral During Ambulatory Visits to Non-psychiatric Physicians: A National Analysis of National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) 2010-2015.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMental health care is increasingly delivered in primary care settings in the United States, yet referral patterns from non-psychiatric physicians to other providers remain incompletely described.
objectiveThe objective of this study is to examine demographic and clinical factors associated with referral to another physician during adult ambulatory visits to non-psychiatric physicians.
methodsA cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2010 through 2015. The study included visits by adults aged 18 years and older to non-psychiatric physicians. Depression was identified using the survey indicator for current depression. The primary outcome was referral to another physician during the visit. Survey weighted logistic regression accounting for survey settings was utilized.
resultsThe final sample included 150,287 visits, representing 3.86 billion weighted visits nationally. In unadjusted analysis, depression was associated with higher odds of referral (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.47; p < 0.001). In adjusted analysis, this association was reduced and remained non-significant (aOR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00-1.27; p = 0.051). Greater chronic disease burden and racial and ethnic minority status were independently associated with referral.
conclusionReferral during adult ambulatory visits reflects patient complexity and demographic factors, while depression alone was not independently associated with referral after adjustment.
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