Weather, air pollution, and migraine: A case-time series analysis examining environmental exposures and transient health outcomes recorded via smartphone application.

Andrea E Portt, Antonio Gasparrini, Erjia Ge, Christine Lay, Hong Chen, Peter M Smith

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrea E PorttDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3393-1448

Antonio GasparriniDepartment of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-3568

Erjia GeDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-3287

Christine LayCentre for Headache, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-4857

Hong ChenDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-3622

Peter M SmithDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-4563

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Most studies of environmental exposures and migraine have been limited to weather or single-pollutant models and aggregate outcome measures. We estimated the associations between multiple environmental exposures and migraine events captured using a smartphone application (app) in the province of Ontario, Canada. Methods: We obtained Ontario-wide local daily weather and pollution estimates for 2017-2019 from Environment and Climate Change Canada. The Migraine Buddy app team provided records from research-consenting users. Associations between environmental exposures and migraine attack onsets were examined with case-time series lagged multipollutant models, accounting for demographic and temporal covariates. Results: We analyzed 69,808 migraine attacks reported by 7418 participants in Ontario, Canada. Overall cumulative estimates for 0-3 days suggested increased odds for migraine attacks with higher nitrogen dioxide (NO Conclusion: This study presents a novel examination of the associations between air pollution and migraine attacks using small-area exposures, smartphone data, and the case-time series method. Onset of migraine was associated with higher NO

Indexed as

Air pollutionCase-time seriesMigraineMobile dataShort-term exposureSmartphone application dataWeather

Identifiers

PMID42109518

DOI10.1097/EE9.0000000000000475

PMCPMC13155513

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.