ArticleRisk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis2026
Exploring the Intention-Behavior Relationship in Flood Adaptation Using Longitudinal Data.
Article in Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Insights into factors motivating individual adaptation are needed to reduce flood damage, especially in lower-income countries. According to key behavioral theories, adaptation intention leads to behavior and is, therefore, often used as a proxy for implementation. Empirical studies, however, report substantial intention‒behavior gaps (i.e., the percentage of intended actions unrealized) and limited predictive power of models built on these theories. The literature suggests that intention strength, which captures levels of commitment, could better predict behavior but has not been tested in the flood risk domain. Moreover, several predictors might influence intention and actual behavior differently or might even influence behavior independently. Studying the intention‒behavior relationship could thus help increase the theories' predictive power. Investigating the intention‒behavior relationship is challenging due to the lack of longitudinal surveys that capture behavior over time. Here, we deploy intention strength in a two-wave longitudinal survey among 401 randomly selected respondents from Vietnam (95% retention rate) to examine the intention‒behavior relationship in preparing devices and retrofitting homes against flooding. We find that > 90% of intended adaptive actions indicated by respondents in Wave 1 went unrealized within 6 months. Intention strength seems unimportant for preparing devices, whereas the strongest intention significantly correlates with higher implementation of retrofitting homes. Studies using intention as a proxy for behavior could, therefore, consider intention strength instead. We also find various factors significantly motivating behavior but not intention, including financial capacity, experiencing large floods regularly, and housing situation. Policymakers, therefore, should focus more on these factors when considering adaptation strategies. Future research in other settings could contextualize the adjustment to behavioral theories.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.