ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2026
Community-acquired Pneumonia in Bangladeshi Children Under Five: Pathogen Prevalence, Resistance Trends, and Diagnostic Biomarkers.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of childhood mortality, with diverse etiologies. This study aimed to generate region-specific data to inform treatment and vaccination strategies for childhood CAP.
methodsWe enrolled 226 CAP cases and 201 controls (<5 years) at Dhaka Medical College & Hospital (March 2022-April 2023) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for pathogen detection. Bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, pneumococcal isolates were serotyped, and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin) were measured.
resultsNo bacteremic cases of CAP were identified. Streptococcus pneumoniae [odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5-3.4], respiratory syncytial virus (OR = 6.16, 95% CI: 2.54-14.9), SARS-CoV-2, and influenza A/B were significantly associated with CAP, with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B detected only in cases. Co-identification of pathogenic bacteria and viruses occurred in 14% (33/226) of cases. Over 90% of pneumococcal isolates were non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-10 serotypes, and serotype 19A was predominant (19%, 19/101 in cases and 6%, 3/53 in controls). Multidrug resistance was frequent in S. pneumoniae (40%, 71/178) and Haemophilus influenzae (38%, 20/52); 86% of pneumococci were macrolide nonsusceptible. Among Staphylococcus aureus , 76% (31/41) were methicillin-resistant. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were elevated in severe CAP cases; however, no definitive cutoff threshold distinguished bacterial from viral causes.
conclusionsOur findings highlight the current epidemiology of childhood CAP in Dhaka, Bangladesh, identifying high antimicrobial resistance and predominance of non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-10 serotypes. These results underscore the need for continued pneumococcal surveillance to guide vaccine and treatment strategies and strengthened approaches for addressing antimicrobial resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.