ArticleBMC public health2026
Protocol for the health economic evaluation of nature-based social prescribing against loneliness alongside the RECETAS trials.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Testing the Effectiveness of a Nature-based Social Intervention on Loneliness Among Lonely Adults in Barcelona - a Randomized Controlled Trial
RECETAS (Re-Imagining Environments for Connection and Engagement: Testing Actions for Social Prescribing in Natural Spaces) in Helsinki
Testing the Effectiveness of a Nature-based Social Intervention on Loneliness Among Lonely Adults in Prague - a Randomized Controlled Trial
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLoneliness has become a global public health problem associated with serious diseases and early mortality. A promising non-medical group-based strategy to address loneliness is nature-based social prescribing (NBSP). The aim of this paper is to describe the design of a health economic evaluation of NBSP interventions alongside trials conducted in the EU H2020 project RECETAS.
methodsThe health economic evaluation will be conducted alongside the RECETAS randomized controlled trials in Barcelona, Prague, and Helsinki, and comprises cost-utility, cost-effectiveness, and cost-capability analyses. Depending on each study site's specific setting and target population, the economic evaluation will be performed from a societal and/or a healthcare perspective. NBSP interventions, which include referring lonely people to participate in activities organized in a natural environment and providing a selection of nearby nature-based community resources, will be evaluated against usual care. Effectiveness measures include health-related quality of life assessed with the EQ-5D-5 L questionnaire, changes in loneliness obtained from the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and capability derived from the ICECAP-A questionnaire. Direct healthcare costs, indirect and informal costs as well as the actual costs of the intervention will be included. The data on health outcome and health care resource utilization will be collected at baseline and at three-, six- and twelve-months follow-up of the trial. The incremental cost-utility ratio, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and incremental cost-capability ratio will be calculated. National willingness-to-pay thresholds will be applied where available. DISCUSSION: Our study protocol provides a systematic framework designed prospectively for conducting the health economic evaluation of the NBSP intervention for people suffering from loneliness. Through the publication of the study protocol, the research process becomes transparent and reproducible. This reduces bias when interpreting the results and conclusions and ensures good evidence-based practice, so that decision makers can provide evidence-based recommendations without arbitrariness to support NBSP implementation.
trial registrationBarcelona (Spain) trial ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT05488496. Registered 29 July 2022 Prague (Czech Republic) trial ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT05522140. Registered August 25, 2022 Helsinki (Finland) trial ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT05507684. Registered August 12, 2022.
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Registered trials
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