ArticleBMC nursing2026
Perceptions of caring behaviours among patients, nurses, nursing students: mixed methods systematic review.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Educational and Professional Development Interventions to Strengthen Empathy, Compassion, and Relational Care Among Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Review.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe foundation and core value of the nursing profession is caring. Worldwide, it is expected that nursing education will cultivate caring behavior amongst nurses to fulfill the health needs of a patient. Three earlier reviews related to caring behavior were identified. However, these reviews were conducted over ten years ago and other literature has since been published. Therefore, it is timely to synthesise the most recent evidence related to the perceptions of patients, nurses, and nursing students of caring behaviours exhibited by nurses.
methodsA mixed methods systematic review was conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cumulative Index of Nursing in Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and Embase were searched to identify original peer reviewed studies published from January 2009 onwards. All records were systematically screened for eligibility based on their title, abstract, and full text by all three authors. Eligible studies were critically appraised for methodological quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were reviewed and data separately extracted for each type of study. The findings were narratively synthesised using a convergent integrated approach. The thematic synthesis of qualitative data and narrative summary of quantitative data was integrated to provide the overall findings of the review.
resultsFrom 4130 records identified, 44 studies were included (19 qualitative, 23 quantitative, and two mixed methods study). The studies covered several hospital specialty areas. Two themes, physical care with sub-themes of knowledge and skills; comfort; and assurance, and expressive care with sub-themes of connectedness; being respectful; trusting relationships, and teaching and learning emerged from the analysis.
conclusionsIn this review, deficits in knowledge and training requirements of both nurses and student nurses have been identified. For nurse leaders, the review findings will bring insight to those who develop nursing policies to ensure that caring behaviours are incorporated into guidelines and job descriptions for registered nurses. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.