ArticleScientific reports2026
Freeze-thaw performance of self-compacting concrete with GGBFS, fly ash and limestone powder: linking strength loss to air-void parameters.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Comparative evidence on how different supplementary cementitious materials affect freeze-thaw performance and air-void system characteristics of self-compacting concrete (SCC) under consistent mixture conditions remains limited. This study provides a direct comparative assessment of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash (FA), and limestone powder (LM) as partial cement replacements in SCC within a unified mix-design framework. SCC mixtures incorporating 15% and 30% of GGBFS, FA, or LM were evaluated for fresh properties (slump flow, V-funnel, L-box) and for mechanical performance (compressive and splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) at 28, 56, and 90 days. Freeze-thaw performance was evaluated after 150 cycles, while the hardened air-void system was characterized using total air content (A), micro-air content (A
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