Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42106465›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Metabolite-mediated enhancement of drought resilience in north-western Himalayan apple rootstocks through synergistic modulation of physiological performance.

Shireen Khatri, Dharam Paul Sharma, Nitin Sharma, Pramod Kumar, Richa Rana, Rahul Sharma

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shireen KhatriDepartment of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173230, India.
Dharam Paul SharmaDepartment of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173230, India. dptabo@gmail.com.
Nitin SharmaDepartment of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173230, India.
Pramod KumarDepartment of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173230, India.
Richa RanaDepartment of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173230, India.
Rahul SharmaDepartment of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, HP, 173230, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolite-based interventions represent a promising strategy to mitigate water deficit-induced damage in perennial fruit crops such as apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). This study evaluated the efficacy of two plant-derived metabolites**, melatonin (MT) and myo-inositol (MI), ** in enhancing drought resilience across five apple rootstocks (MM 111, MM 106, Bud 118, MM 116 and M9) under controlled greenhouse conditions. A two-phase experimental framework was used. In Phase I, dose optimization was performed under 40% field capacity using Response Index (RI) and Comprehensive Response Index (CRI) to identify the most effective metabolite combination. Among six treatments, T3 (100 µM MT + 100 µM MI) had the lowest CRI values, indicating improved physiological performance under moisture deficit. In Phase II, optimized treatments were evaluated under drought (40% FC) and irrigated (100% FC) regimes. Drought stress significantly impaired plant physiological functioning, reducing relative water content, chlorophyll stability, and gas exchange parameters. However, the combined application of MT + MI (T8: 100 µM each) significantly alleviated these effects by enhancing water retention, maintaining membrane stability, and improving photosynthetic efficiency. The most pronounced positive responses were observed in Bud 118 and MM 111, showing a strong genotype × treatment interaction. Notably, MT + MI also improved physiological performance under irrigated conditions, suggesting broader benefits for overall plant health. Each treatment was evaluated using three replications across five rootstocks, ensuring statistical reliability. Collectively, these results demonstrate the synergistic role of melatonin and myo-inositol in reinforcing drought tolerance. While the findings are based on controlled greenhouse conditions, they provide a mechanistic basis for future field validation and development of metabolite-assisted strategies for drought resilience in apple.

Indexed as

DroughtsInositolMalusMelatoninPlant RootsChlorophyllDrought ResistancePhotosynthesisStress, PhysiologicalWaterChlorophyllInositolMelatoninWaterAbiotic stressBiostimulantDrought and growthMelatoninMyo-inositolPlant metabolites

Identifiers

PMID42106465
PMCPMC13346700

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.