ArticleScientific reports2026
Foliar efficacy of phosphorous formulations for rainfed cotton with graded levels.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Soil amendment with phosphatic fertilizers (50 or 100%) as basal is susceptible to fixation losses, leading to low phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). Consequently, foliar spraying of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) up to 2% is preferred for rainfed cotton. In addition, it has been reported that nano-fertilizers facilitate a steady release of nutrients, enhance nutrient uptake, and boost nutrient use efficiency, ultimately resulting in increased crop yields and profitability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the foliar efficacy of DAP formulations to increase the growth, yield and nutrient uptake in rainfed cotton grown in black calcareous soils with graded levels. The field experiment consists of 13 treatment combinations with 3 replications, which were laid out via randomized complete block design (RCBD) during the kharif seasons of 2023 and 2024. These include varying levels (100, 75, 50%) of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with foliar spray (FS) of nano DAP one time at 45 DAS, two-times at 45 and 60 DAS, foliar spraying of DAP one time at 45 DAS, two-times at 60 DAS and a water spray (control 0% RDF). Nano-DAP (2% N, 5% P₂O₅) and DAP (18% N, 46% P₂O₅) were sprayed in both the years. In 2023 and 2024, the treatment T
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