Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42105399›Full record

SynthesisVaccine2026

Impact of standing orders on vaccine uptake: A systematic review.

Mallory K Ellingson, Vinay Sudarsanam, Kristin Goddard, Aditi Tomar, Sophie Nachman, Noel T Brewer

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Vaccine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mallory K EllingsonDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: Mallory_ellingson@med.unc.edu.
Vinay SudarsanamDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Kristin GoddardDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Aditi TomarLineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Sophie NachmanHealth Sciences Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Noel T BrewerDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Funding

Program Project – Improving Provider Announcement Communication Training (IMPACT)P01CA250989 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI TROGDON, JUSTIN · 2021 to 2025
$11.7M
Cancer Control Education ProgramT32CA057726 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Melissa B Gilkey, Melissa A. Troester · 2017 to 2026
$3.7M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA250989NCI NIH HHS T32 CA057726
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe sought to evaluate the impact of standing orders on vaccine coverage in clinical settings.

methodsTwo reviewers independently screened and included studies that evaluated use of standing orders either alone or in combination with other interventions and collected data on vaccine coverage. We extracted effect sizes for studies that used only standing orders as an intervention and had a comparison group.

resultsThe search yielded 56 eligible studies, 22 of which evaluated standing orders-only interventions. Standing orders increased vaccine uptake by a median of 13 percentage points (IQR 2-20 percentage points). Eight of these studies had a comparison group including 1 randomized trial; 5 were at low risk of bias. The overall findings were similar those for seasonal influenza vaccine (median increase of 12 percentage points; IQR, 6-24; 7 studies) and pneumococcal vaccines (14 percentage points; 2-20; 5 studies), the two most studied outcomes. Multi-component studies paired standing orders with interventions for providers frequently (34%-63% of studies), patients often (20%-49%), and systems least often (3%-14%).

conclusionsStanding orders show one of the largest effects among vaccine uptake interventions. Future research should focus on randomized trials, childhood vaccination, and behavioral aspects of implementation in healthcare systems.

Indexed as

Standing OrdersVaccinationVaccination CoverageVaccinesHumansInfluenza VaccinesPneumococcal VaccinesInfluenza VaccinesPneumococcal VaccinesVaccinesClinic based interventionsPolicyQuality improvementStanding ordersVaccination

Identifiers

PMID42105399
PMCPMC13410562

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.