Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42105085›Full record

ArticleMikrochimica acta2026

Synergistic TiO₂-doped g-C₃N₄@PoPD nanohybrid: toward efficient biosensing of xanthine.

Deeksha Thakur, Chandra Mouli Pandey, Devendra Kumar

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Deeksha ThakurDepartment of Chemistry & Sustainability, School of Basic Sciences, Galgotias University, Sector 17A, Greater Noida, 203201, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Chandra Mouli PandeyDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
Devendra KumarDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India. dkumar@dce.ac.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An enzymatic biosensor based on poly-ortho-phenylenediamine (PoPD) coated with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was developed for the detection of xanthine (Xn). Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of TiO₂ into the g-C₃N₄@PoPD nanohybrid. The resulting nanocomposite exhibited excellent sensing performance, achieving a wide linear detection range from 1 pM to 1 µM and an ultralow detection limit of 0.2 pM. The biosensor demonstrated good stability for up to 5 weeks, high reproducibility, and strong selectivity toward Xn even in the presence of potential interfering analytes. Validation using real samples from Rohu (Labeo rohita) fish further confirmed its potential applicability for xanthine detection in meat freshness assessment.

Indexed as

Biosensing TechniquesGraphiteNanocompositesNitrogen CompoundsPhenylenediaminesTitaniumXanthineAnimalsElectrochemical TechniquesFishesLimit of DetectionGraphitegraphitic carbon nitrideNitrogen CompoundsPhenylenediaminesTitaniumtitanium dioxideXanthineElectrochemical biosensorGraphitic carbon nitridePoly-ortho-phenylenediamineTitanium dioxideXanthine

Identifiers

PMID42105085

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.