ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2026
Proteomic analysis in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a focus on sex-specific differences.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Pharmacodynamic and stage-dependent therapeutic efficacy of SFRP1 neutralization in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFluid protein studies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma have provided important insights into neurodegenerative dementias; however, there is a limited investigation of sex-related differences and cross-biofluid relationships. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), large-scale, sex-stratified analyses of paired CSF and plasma samples remain scarce. Using the multiplex and ultrasensitive capabilities of NULISAseq™ technology, this study aims to characterize sex- and disease-specific proteomic alterations associated with Central Nervous System (CNS) pathology to explore underlying mechanisms.
methodsCSF and plasma samples from 359 individuals with AD, LBD, FTD, and cognitively healthy controls were analyzed using the NULISAseq™ CNS Disease Panel 120. Differential protein expression analyses were conducted across diagnoses and stratified by sex, adjusting for relevant covariates. Spearman's correlation analyses were performed to assess concordance between CSF and plasma protein levels. All statistical analyses were conducted in R v4.4.3.
resultsDifferential protein expression analyses across diagnoses revealed two potential transdiagnostic biomarkers: ICAM1 in CSF and ANXA5 in plasma, showing consistent increases across AD, LBD, and FTD. Sex-stratified analyses in CSF showed modest changes, including higher CCL26, ANXA5, and IL10 in females with AD, and higher IL9, PRDX6, and CX3CL1 in males with AD. In LBD, females exhibited upregulation of ACHE, SFRP1, POSTN in both CSF and plasma. NPTX1 was identified as a potential CSF biomarker for FTD, showing downregulation particularly in males. In contrast, analyses stratified by sex in plasma displayed a larger number of proteins across all dementias, with females showing a higher number of upregulated inflammation-related proteins predominantly involved in cytokine signaling. Overall cross-fluid correlations were restricted to a small subset of proteins, indicating compartment-specific regulation.
conclusionsThis study represents a large-scale, sex-stratified proteomic analysis of CSF and plasma across major neurodegenerative dementias using NULISAseq™ technology. The findings highlight sex-dependent biomarker patterns, particularly in plasma, and underscore the importance of incorporating sex as a biological variable in dementia research. Future studies should validate candidate proteins in independent cohorts, investigate their functional and mechanistic roles, and assess their utility for biomarker development and sex-tailored therapeutic strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.