ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Biomimetic LHRH-targeted nanogels for spatiotemporal-enhanced chemo-dynamic therapy of cancer.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to target lesions persists as a significant challenge in cancer therapy. Herein, we report a biomimetic, near-infrared (NIR)/ultrasound (US)-responsive bifunctional drug delivery system that provides spatiotemporally programmed chemo-photodynamic therapy (PDT)/sonodynamic therapy (SDT) for prostate cancer. The designed formulation comprises reduction-sensitive nanogels encapsulated within RBC membranes, surface-functionalized with LHRH for targeted delivery (termed LHRH-RBC/Ce6-NG/HCPT). Chlorin e6 (Ce6), a photosensitizer and sonosensitizer, was embedded within the RBC membrane shell, while the anticancer compound 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) was encapsulated within the nanogel core structure of poly(L-glutamic acid)-poly(L-phenylalanine-co-L-cystine) nanogels. Compared with free Ce6 and HCPT, the designed formulation markedly extended systemic retention and improved intratumoral deposition. Furthermore, tumor‑localized NIR or US stimulation induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which enhanced nanovesicle uptake by increasing tumor cell membrane fluidity and concurrently disrupted the RBC membrane, leading to the rapid, intracellular glutathione-triggered release of HCPT. The released HCPT further synergized with PDT/SDT to amplify ROS generation and exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby enhancing tumor cell killing. The spatiotemporally coupled dynamic-chemotherapy maximized on-tumor efficacy while minimizing off-target toxicity. In vivo studies confirmed that, LHRH-RBC/Ce6-NG/HCPT achieved potent synergistic effects in both PDT/chemotherapy and SDT/chemotherapy, demonstrating its potential as an effective and safe treatment strategy for prostate cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.