ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
Second stage versus first stage intrapartum cesarean delivery and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Southern Ethiopia.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCesarean section performed during the second stage of labor is technically challenging and associated with higher maternal and neonatal morbidity. This study aimed to assess adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes for women who have a cesarean section performed during the first and second stages of labor at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.
methodsAn institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2024 among 278 term women who underwent intrapartum cesarean delivery. Among these, 193(69.4%) had first-stage cesarean delivery, and 85(30.6%) had second-stage cesarean section. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical record review. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
resultsDuring the study period, there were 1434 deliveries, of which 716 were cesarean sections, yielding a cesarean delivery rate of 49.9%. The overall rate of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes was 24.5% and 29.1%, respectively. Compared with the first-stage cesarean section, second-stage cesarean delivery is associated with increased odds of adverse maternal outcomes (AOR = 4.20, 95% CI: 1.95-9.05) and adverse perinatal outcomes (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.65-5.65).
conclusionCesarean section performed during the second stage of labor was significantly associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. During the second stage of cesarean delivery, the obstetric team's preparedness for potential intraoperative complications and immediate neonatal resuscitation should be strengthened.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.