ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Comprehensive genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii and characterization of a co-carrying bla
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundDespite the clinical importance of carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii (CRCF), its resistance genomics is poorly understood. This study systematically characterizes the genomic features and evolution of clinical CRCF isolates, with detailed analysis of a bla
methodsClinical CRCF isolates were collected from multiple tertiary hospitals in China, and their basic clinical data were obtained. Phenotypic characterization was performed through antimicrobial susceptibility testing and plasmid conjugation transfer assays. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted based on whole-genome sequencing data.
resultsClinical data from 37 CRCF isolates in Zhejiang Province, China, revealed that infections primarily occurred among elderly patients (≥ 70 years, 65%) and in high-risk departments such as the ICU. The majority of isolates were recovered from urine samples (67%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated high resistance to carbapenems and most β-lactams, whereas susceptibility to amikacin remained moderate (21.6%) and no resistance against tigecycline and colistin was detected. Resistance mechanism analysis revealed that 97.3% of isolates carried bla
conclusionThe dissemination of CRCF in Zhejiang Province, China, is driven by both clonal expansion of successful lineages (ST22, ST116) and horizontal transfer of resistance plasmids. These clones, persisting from 2019 to 2024, carry bla
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