Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42103979›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Ethanol precipitation with cooling enables rapid purification of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with increased yield and preserved solution-state organisation.

Paritat Thaitalay, Ashish Pandit, Lauma Ievina, Julija Bulatova, Antons Sizovs, Janis Locs

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Paritat ThaitalayInstitute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Street 3-K1, Riga, Latvia.
Ashish PanditInstitute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Street 3-K1, Riga, Latvia.
Lauma IevinaInstitute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Street 3-K1, Riga, Latvia.
Julija BulatovaBaltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
Antons SizovsBaltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia.
Janis LocsInstitute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Paula Valdena Street 3-K1, Riga, Latvia. janis.locs@rtu.lv.

Funding

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 857287Latvian Council of Science 1.1.1.9/LZP/2/25/245
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is a widely used photocrosslinkable biomaterial, yet routine laboratory synthesis is constrained by multi-day dialysis required to remove cytotoxic methacrylic anhydride (MAA) and methacrylic acid (MA). Here we introduce a simple post-reaction precipitation of GelMA in ethanol (EtOH) as a faster purification route. EtOH precipitation combined with cooling increased the isolated yield after purification (up to + 17.5% versus the control) and markedly accelerated impurity removal, reaching commercially relevant residue benchmark (< 30 ppm) within 2 days, whereas the conventional route required 7 days under identical dialysis conditions. Importantly, CD and SEC indicated that prolonged dialysis altered GelMA solution-state organization while EtOH precipitation followed by only 2 days of dialysis better produced material more similar to the parent gelatin. Hydrogels prepared from control and EtOH-treated GelMA displayed comparable swelling, rheology, compressive response, and indirect cytocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 cells. This accessible EtOH-assisted workflow reduces purification time without sacrificing functionalization or hydrogel performance and may improve batch-to-batch consistency for laboratory-scale GelMA production.

Indexed as

EthanolGelatinAnimalsBiocompatible MaterialsChemical PrecipitationHydrogelsMethacrylatesMiceBiocompatible MaterialsEthanolGelatingelatin methacryloylHydrogelsMethacrylates

Identifiers

PMID42103979
PMCPMC13342085

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.