Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42103789›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Therapy-induced modulation of cellular response in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) - insights into selected immune cells' markers expression.

Karolina Bukowska-Strakova, Izabela Siemińska, Karolina Leś, Małgorzata Stec, Katarzyna Ptak, Izabela Szymońska, Anna Olchawa-Czech, Nina Mól, Przemysław Błyszczuk, Jarek Baran and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Karolina Bukowska-Strakova *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Izabela Siemińska *Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Karolina LeśDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Małgorzata StecDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Katarzyna PtakDepartment of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Izabela SzymońskaDepartment of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Anna Olchawa-CzechDepartment of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Nina MólDepartment of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Przemysław BłyszczukDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Jarek BaranDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland.
Przemko KwintaDepartment of Paediatrics, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland. przemko.kwinta@uj.edu.pl.
Maciej SiedlarDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, Krakow, 30-663, Poland. maciej.siedlar@uj.edu.pl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition that develops weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure and involves systemic inflammation affecting multiple organs. Its exact pathophysiology remains unclear, with proposed mechanisms including cytokine storms, antibody-dependent enhancement, and genetic predispositions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of immunomodulatory therapy-intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and glucocorticosteroids (GCS) on peripheral immune cell composition in 24 children with MIS-C. Innate and adaptive immune cells populations were analyzed by flow cytometry before and after treatment (IVIG 2 g/kg; GCS 1-2 mg/kg/day). Prior to therapy, patients showed elevated counts and altered phenotypes of neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. Following treatment, a reduction in CD64 expression on neutrophils and monocytes was observed, along with decreased numbers of inflammatory cells, indicating an immunomodulatory effect of IVIG and GCS. An increase in CD56 expression on monocytes suggested additional phenotypic changes within this compartment. These findings highlight CD64 as a marker of inflammatory activation in MIS-C and demonstrate that therapy reduces its expression, potentially reflecting diminished inflammation. Further research is needed to assess long-term immune effects of treatment in children with MIS-C.

Indexed as

COVID-19GlucocorticoidsImmunoglobulins, IntravenousSystemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeAdolescentBiomarkersChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleMonocytesNeutrophilsReceptors, IgGSARS-CoV-2T-LymphocytesBiomarkersGlucocorticoidsImmunoglobulins, IntravenousReceptors, IgGGlucocorticosteroids (GCS)Immune responseIntravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)LymphocytesMonocytesMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)Neutrophils

Identifiers

PMID42103789
PMCPMC13342344

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.