Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42103367›Full record

SynthesisBMJ open respiratory research2026

Prevalence and determinants of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the MENA region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oumar Abakar Mahamed, Noussissy Sandokane Hounnoukon, Soraya Laraqui Houssaini, Imane El Faziki, Meryeme Kirat, Karima El Rhazi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Oumar Abakar MahamedFaculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco mahamedoumara@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4507-3265
Noussissy Sandokane HounnoukonFaculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9944-2670
Soraya Laraqui HoussainiFaculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5285-0099
Imane El FazikiFaculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7808-6128
Meryeme KiratFaculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2892-0355
Karima El RhaziFaculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Hassan II University Hospital, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8135-9044

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a constraining challenge for tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide. The Middle East and North African (MENA) region represents a significant part of the global MDR-TB burden.

aimTo estimate the pooled prevalence of MDR-TB and its determinants in the MENA region.

methodsWe searched for studies published in English and French on the subject up to 31 January 2026 on Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane, without time restriction. Original studies reporting data on the prevalence of MDR-TB in individuals living in the MENA region were selected. The meta-analysis was done using the random effects model considering the heterogeneity among the included studies and

resultsA total of 1239 articles were identified and 25 studies from 6 countries were included in this review. The prevalence of MDR-TB in the MENA region ranged from 0% (95% CI 0% to 4.1%) to 17.1% (95% CI 10.6% to 25.4%). The pooled prevalence was 3.54% (95% CI 2.18% to 5.72%) with a high heterogeneity,

conclusionThis review underscores the persistence of MDR-TB in the MENA region, suggesting insufficiency in TB control. Multisectoral interventions integrating strong prevention measures, standardised treatment protocols and measures to enhance treatment adherence should be implemented.

Indexed as

Tuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryAfrica, NorthernAntitubercular AgentsHumansMiddle EastPrevalenceRisk FactorsAntitubercular AgentsTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID42103367
PMCPMC13157807

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.