Trial reportPloS one2026
Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on bodily ownership and postural control: An experimental examination with counterbalanced randomization of stimulus conditions.
Trial report in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vestibular stimulation influences both bodily ownership and postural control. Although previous studies in the literature have examined the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) on body ownership and balance separately, their combined and time-dependent effects remain insufficiently explored. This study investigated how GVS modulates multisensory integration over time by assessing bodily ownership and postural control within the same participants. A within-participant design was used with four conditions: Baseline (pre-GVS), Sham (60-min post-GVS placebo), 30-min post-GVS, and 60-min post-GVS. Forty-eight healthy adults completed all conditions. Balance performance was assessed via the Single-Leg Stance (SLS) and Fukuda Stepping Test (FST), while bodily ownership was measured using the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) questionnaire. Balance performance on the SLS showed a significant reduction at 30 minutes post-GVS, with values returning toward baseline by 60 minutes. In contrast, angular deviation on the FST decreased significantly at both 30 and 60 minutes post-GVS. RHI ownership scores increased at both post-stimulation time points, with the most pronounced increase observed at 60 minutes. The sham condition also elicited increases in RHI scores, indicating possible expectancy-related effects. Overall, these findings indicate time-dependent and task-specific effects of GVS on bodily ownership and postural control. The results are consistent with adaptive sensory reweighting processes that differentially affect static and dynamic balance measures. Further research in clinical populations and using longer stimulation protocols is required to determine the extent to which these short-term effects translate into sustained functional benefits.
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