Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42101698›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026

Treatment patterns and survival outcomes in neuroendocrine neoplasms presenting with brain metastases.

Zouina Sarfraz, Tulika Ranjan, Fatma Nihan Akkoc Mustafayev, Joey Luzarraga, Lydia Hodgson, Manmeet S Ahluwalia

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Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zouina SarfrazMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5132-7455
Tulika RanjanDartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA.
Fatma Nihan Akkoc MustafayevMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
Joey LuzarragaHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Lydia HodgsonMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
Manmeet S AhluwaliaMiami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA. manmeeta@baptisthealth.net.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3794-9511

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeBrain metastases (BM) from neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are uncommon and are associated with limited survival. We evaluated treatment patterns and overall survival (OS)among patients with NENs and BM at diagnosis.

methodsPatients diagnosed with NENs and BM at diagnosis between 2010 and 2023 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Treatment categories included systemic therapy plus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), systemic therapy plus whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), systemic therapy alone, SRS alone, WBRT alone, and no documented treatment. OS was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods and examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Accelerated failure time models and additional sensitivity analyses were also performed.

resultsA total of 48,807 patients were included. Median OS was 6.24 months, with 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival probabilities of 51.3%, 26.6%, and 11.1%, respectively. In multivariable models, age group, sex, facility type, insurance status, Charlson–Deyo comorbidity score, year of diagnosis, and tumor differentiation were associated with OS. Survival outcomes differed across treatment groups. Primary tumor site was not associated with OS in multivariable analyses.

conclusionPatients with NENs and BM at diagnosis had limited overall survival in this cohort. These findings help address the limited literature on clinical outcomes in NEN-associated brain metastases.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsCranial IrradiationNeuroendocrine TumorsRadiosurgeryAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCombined Modality TherapyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesSurvival RateTreatment OutcomeBrain metastasesNeuroendocrine neoplasmsOverall survivalStereotactic radiosurgerySystemic therapyTreatment patterns

Identifiers

PMID42101698

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.