Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42101566›Full record

ReviewScience China. Life sciences2026

Decoding immunotherapy resistance in multiple myeloma: genetic insights and approaches to counter resistance.

Huan Li, Qi Xia, Mei Yu, Ying Lv, Jialing Xiao, Xiaoxin Guo, Kai Dong, Yu Zhou, Ling Zhong, Ting Wang and 8 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Science China. Life sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Huan Li *Genetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Qi Xia *Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
Mei Yu *Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
Ying Lv *Genetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Jialing XiaoGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Xiaoxin GuoGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Kai DongGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Yu ZhouGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Ling ZhongGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Ting WangGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Weijia WuGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Chengzi GanGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Mingze LiGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Ning XiaoGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Qiang WangCenter for Translational Research in Hematological Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center/Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77001, USA. qwang@houstonmethodist.org.
Hong ChangLaboratory Hematology, Toronto General Hospital/University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 2C4, Canada. Hong.Chang@uhn.on.ca.
Yu HeGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China. sklbheyu@sina.com.
Bo GongGenetic diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and the Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China. gongbo@med.uestc.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells and presents major therapeutic challenges due to its intrinsic heterogeneity and frequent development of resistance to immunotherapy. Although recent advances in immunotherapeutic strategies, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), have significantly improved patient outcomes, disease relapse remains nearly inevitable. This review systematically categorizes resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy in MM by examining intrinsic tumor cell factors, including genetic and epigenetic alterations, modulation or loss of target antigens, immune effector cell dysfunction such as T-cell exhaustion, and the complex suppressive features of the bone marrow microenvironment. In addition, we discuss the application of emerging technologies such as single-cell sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9-based functional screening to uncover resistance pathways and guide target discovery. Finally, we highlight rational strategies to overcome resistance, including synergistic combination regimens, development of next-generation therapeutics, and approaches to reprogram the tumor microenvironment. These insights provide a conceptual framework for the design of more effective and durable immunotherapeutic interventions in MM.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, NeoplasmImmunotherapyMultiple MyelomaAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalHumansTumor MicroenvironmentAntibodies, Monoclonalcomplex pathogenesisCRISPR/Cas9 library screeningmultiple myelomaovercoming resistanceresistance to immunotherapysingle-cell sequencing

Identifiers

PMID42101566

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.