Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42100257›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026

Tirzepatide vs. semaglutide for obesity, glycemic control, and cardiovascular outcomes: a narrative review of clinical trials.

Maan H Harbi, Ahmad M Ashour, Nasser M Alorfi, Mohammed M Aldurdunji, Saad M Wali, Yahya A Alzahrani

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Maan H HarbiPharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad M AshourPharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Nasser M AlorfiPharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed M AldurdunjiPharmaceutical Practices Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Saad M WaliPharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Yahya A AlzahraniDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has emerged as an effective therapy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its dual-incretin mechanism may offer enhanced metabolic benefits compared with selective GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide. Methods: A structured narrative review of clinical trials, real-world observational studies, and contextual cardiovascular outcome analyses was conducted. Literature was sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov and relevant scientific databases to compare tirzepatide and semaglutide across weight, glycemic, cardiometabolic, and safety outcomes. Results: Across completed head-to-head randomized trials, tirzepatide consistently achieved greater reductions in body weight, and HbA1c than semaglutide in individuals with obesity or T2DM. Semaglutide, however, has the most mature evidence for cardiovascular risk reduction, as demonstrated in the SUSTAIN-6, PIONEER-6, and SELECT trials. The SURPASS-CVOT trial established cardiovascular non-inferiority for tirzepatide compared with dulaglutide, alongside improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors. Real-world studies reported heterogeneous cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusion: Tirzepatide demonstrates superior metabolic efficacy in direct comparative trials, whereas semaglutide currently has the strongest evidence for cardiovascular benefit. Treatment selection should be individualized based on clinical priorities and patient characteristics.

Indexed as

comparative effectivenessglycemic controlnarrative reviewobesity pharmacotherapySemaglutidetirzepatideweight loss

Identifiers

PMID42100257
PMCPMC13143735

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.