Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42100213›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in veterinary science2026

Global prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in cattle: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aboudou Habirou Kifouly, Orléanse Kouin, Géorcelin Alowanou, Obase Ngemani Bekindaka, Pierre Challaton, Abdou Satar Akadiri, Abdou Fadel Samba, John Dossou, Gilles-Christ Akakpo, Cyrille Kodoéito Boko

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aboudou Habirou KifoulyPan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Orléanse KouinLaboratoire d'Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
Géorcelin AlowanouLaboratoire d'Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
Obase Ngemani BekindakaPan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (Including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Pierre ChallatonLaboratoire d'Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
Abdou Satar AkadiriUnité de Biochimie et Substances Naturelles Bioactives (UBSNB), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative et d'Innovation Thérapeutique (BioInov), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
Abdou Fadel SambaLaboratoire de Biologie et de Typage moléculaire en Microbiologie, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
John DossouLaboratoire d'Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
Gilles-Christ AkakpoLaboratoire d'Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
Cyrille Kodoéito BokoUnité de Recherche sur les Maladies Transmissibles, Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, University d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the global prevalence of bTB, identify key risk factors, and evaluate diagnostic approaches to support evidence-based control strategies within a One Health framework. Methods: A systematic search following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted across eight electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, CAB Abstracts, SpringerLink, and AJOL) for studies published between 1990 and October 2025. A total of 7,775 records were identified, of which 98 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the quantitative synthesis. Results: The pooled global prevalence of bTB was estimated at 3.98% (95% CI, 3.94-4.03) and an overall herd's estimate was 18.48% (95% CI, 17.47-19.49). Meta-analysis revealed a significantly lower odds of infection at the animal level compared to herd level (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.15-0.37; Conclusion: Bovine tuberculosis remains a persistent and unevenly distributed zoonotic disease, with a disproportionate burden in Africa and Asia. The higher detection at herd level, significant influence of age and breed, and variability in diagnostic methods underscore the need for harmonized surveillance systems, improved diagnostic standardization, and targeted control strategies.

Indexed as

bovine tuberculosismeta-analysisOne Healthprevalencerisk factorszoonosis

Identifiers

PMID42100213
PMCPMC13143542

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.