Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2026
Cellular immune responses 12 months after fractional or standard dose BNT162b2 booster vaccination in Mongolian adults.
Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the role of booster doses in sustaining protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, global uptake remains low, highlighting the need for dose-sparing strategies that maintain durable immunity. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Mongolian adults to examine long-term cellular immune responses to standard and fractional doses of BNT162b2 given as a third dose. A total of 601 participants, primed with ChAdOx1-S, BBIBP-CorV, or Gam-COVID-Vac, were randomized (1:1) to receive 15 μg (fractional dose) or 30 μg (standard dose) of BNT162b2. A subset of participants (N = 256) were enrolled for cell-mediated immunity analysis (n = 101 ChAdOx1-S primed, n = 117 BBIBP-CorV primed, n = 38 Gam-COVID-Vac primed). Antibodies were measured for binding anti-Spike IgG and neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses were measured using activation-induced marker (AIM), intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), and IFN-γ against SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific wild-type and JN.1, and followed-up for 12 months. At 12 months post-vaccination, wild-type and JN.1 IgG levels were sustained and remained approximately 1.7-2.7-fold higher than baseline levels, and neutralizing antibodies were maintained (89% inhibition) for each priming stratum and standard and fractional dose groups. Across all study visits, total AIM CD4mem (expressing CD69+, OX40+, or CD137+) and CD8mem (CD69+CD137+), total ICS CD4mem and CD8mem (IL-2+, TNF-α+, or IFN-γ+), and ELISpot IFN-γ remained similar by study arm and priming strata for wild-type and JN.1 responses. CD4mem AIM responses peaked 6 months post-vaccination; by 12 months, responses to wild-type were maintained, whereas JN.1 responses had declined to day 28 levels or lower. For memory T-cell ICS responses, durability was maintained over 12 months post-vaccination for both wild-type and JN.1 responses. Overall, fractional booster dosing produced comparable and robust long-term humoral and cellular immune responses to a standard dose, including against the JN.1 variant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.