ArticleAnnals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism2026
Subclinical inflammation in children with Down syndrome: implications for preventive care.
Article in Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeDown syndrome (DS) is associated with metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and increased risk of chronic inflammation. This study aimed to assess subclinical inflammation in children with DS by evaluating inflammatory biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and their association with metabolic parameters including ghrelin, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels.
methodsA total of 49 children with DS (aged 1-18 years) and 22 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Anthropometric data, body fat percentage, and metabolic parameters were assessed. Inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, apolipoprotein-B [Apo B], adiponectin), metabolic hormones (ghrelin, insulin), and lipid profiles were determined from venous blood samples. Statistical analyses included bivariate correlation, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression to identify predictors of inflammation.
resultsChildren with DS exhibited significantly higher hs-CRP levels than controls (p=0.03), indicative of increased systemic inflammation. Higher hs-CRP levels were associated with older age (r=0.33, p=0.006), greater obesity (body mass index: r=0.32, p=0.011), and elevated serum insulin and low-density lipoprotein levels. Ghrelin levels correlated negatively with Apo B (r=-0.41, p<0.001) and positively with hs-CRP (r=0.30, p=0.012). Predictors of inflammation (based on hs-CRP) included older age, male sex, higher gamma-glutamyl transferase level, and a diagnosis of DS (adjusted R²=0.276).
conclusionChildren with DS are prone to metabolic inflammation, with increasing age and obesity exacerbating inflammatory responses. Clinicians should monitor and manage weight, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in this population to prevent long-term complications such as cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance.
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