Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42099016›Full record

ArticlePlant communications2026

Spatial control of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin production in tomato fruits by competitive MBW complexes to promote seed dispersal.

Zilin Qian, Hexu Cai, Mengyi Yu, Xiaolin Geng, Huabing Lin, Yaoyao Sun, Xinyi Zhang, Qiuyu Tao, Yu Jiang, Luyao Yang and 5 more

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Article in Plant communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Zilin QianBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Hexu CaiBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Mengyi YuBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Xiaolin GengBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Huabing LinBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Yaoyao SunBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Xinyi ZhangBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Qiuyu TaoBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Yu JiangBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Luyao YangBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Yunhyeong LeeBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Jili LiBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Huolin ShenBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Minmin DuBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: duminmin@cau.edu.cn.
Wencai YangBeijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: yangwencai@cau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoid compounds with important roles in plant physiology and ecology, as well as beneficial effects on human health. Although they share a common biosynthetic pathway, these two types of flavonoids exhibit different tissue-specific accumulation patterns in many fruits and plant organs. In tomato, anthocyanins accumulate primarily in the fruit peel of some wild relatives, whereas PAs accumulate mainly in seeds. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these patterns remain to be characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the tissue-specific accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs in tomato fruits is governed by different MYB-basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional modules. The bHLH transcription factor SlAN1 and the WD40 regulator SlAN11, critical components of the MBW complex, are required for both anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis. By contrast, two MYB components of the MBW complex, SlAN2-like and SlMYB54, specifically regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in the peel and PA biosynthesis in seeds, respectively. The two MYB components interact with SlAN1 to form two competitive MBW transcriptional modules that control the tissue-specific accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs in tomato fruits. Finally, we provide evidence that these tissue-specific accumulation patterns are likely orchestrated by a dual-layered protective mechanism to ensure successful seed dispersal. Our findings reveal that efficient biosynthesis of anthocyanins and PAs arises from strict tissue-specific expression of both regulatory and functional genes, suggesting strategies for the enhancement of anthocyanin and PA levels in tomato fruits.

Indexed as

AnthocyaninsFruitPlant ProteinsProanthocyanidinsSeedsSolanum lycopersicumGene Expression Regulation, PlantAnthocyaninsPlant ProteinsproanthocyanidinProanthocyanidinsanthocyaninMBW complexproanthocyanidintissue-specific expressiontomato

Identifiers

PMID42099016
PMCPMC13589555

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.