Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42098975›Full record

ArticleTransfusion2026

How do we use smart blood refrigerators at our hospitals in North America?

Alexandra Jimenez, Dennis Chen, Jaclyn Spinelli, Stephanie Kinney, Rebecca Coward, Althea Rossier, Monique Huggins, Bruce Lyon, Denden Benabdessadek, Sabrina Racine-Brzostek and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Transfusion, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Alexandra JimenezDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Dennis ChenTransfusion Medicine and Cellular Biotherapies Service, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Jaclyn SpinelliTransfusion Medicine and Cellular Biotherapies Service, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Stephanie KinneyDivision of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5014-3435
Rebecca CowardPathology, WakeMed Health & Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Althea RossierTransfusion Services, Sanford Health Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA.
Monique HugginsTransfusion Services/Blood Bank, UF Health Shands Cancer Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Bruce LyonAlberta Precision Laboratories, Transfusion & Transplantation Medicine Provincial Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Denden BenabdessadekTransfusion Medicine and Cellular Biotherapies Service, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Sabrina Racine-BrzostekDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-6682
Robert A DeSimoneDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-790X
Tobias CohenDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4114
Melissa M CushingDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-1494

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRapid, reliable, and safe access to blood products remains a persistent operational challenge in transfusion medicine, particularly in high-acuity and geographically dispersed clinical environments. Traditional centralized blood bank workflows may contribute to delays, increased laboratory workload, and risks associated with blood component transportation and storage. Smart blood refrigerators have emerged as an important strategy to support decentralized storage, controlled product access, and enhanced traceability; however, published data describing real-world implementation strategies and operational variability remain limited. STUDY DESIGN AND

methodsTo characterize real-world adoption and use, we conducted a multi-institutional survey of North American institutions utilizing BloodTrack-integrated smart blood refrigerators. Survey findings were supplemented by targeted follow-up interviews representing a range of operational models and use cases.

resultsSurvey responses demonstrated substantial variability in deployment models, clinical workflows, and blood component storage practices. Smart refrigerators supported a wide range of transfusion service functions across diverse clinical environments, reflecting differing institutional, operational, and patient-care priorities. Commonly reported benefits included shorter time to transfusion, improved workflow efficiency, enhanced traceability, reduced staffing burden, and support for patient-specific blood product selection. Reported barriers primarily involved informatics integration, labeling workflows, serologic eligibility constraints, and training considerations.

conclusionThese findings illustrate how smart blood refrigerators are used across diverse transfusion service environments, highlighting the operational flexibility of these systems and providing practical insights for institutions seeking to implement, optimize, or expand smart refrigerator-supported transfusion workflows.

Indexed as

Blood BankingBlood TransfusionRefrigerationBlood BanksHospitalsHumansNorth Americablood inventory managementinformaticspatient safetyremote blood issuetransfusion service operations

Identifiers

PMID42098975
PMCPMC13350296

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.